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SWINE FLU MAC HISTORY AND OVERVIEW CAUSES AND TRANSMISSION

Even though there are many different causes of swine flu, one stands out the most. They strain of H1N1 is always mutating which means the virus can differ from other strains of H1N1. Some strains of this virus only affect pigs, while others may affect humans and birds. This means that if a person gets a strain of the H1N1 flu and recovers from it, they will have antibodies in there system that will allow them to fight off that particular strain of the flu. Although this will protect them from this variation of the flu, they will not be protected from different variations of the same flu (H1N1). It is believed that this virus is transmitted to humans, but hasn’t been proved. In Wisconsin in 1988 a small outbreak of the flu occurred. Many people became ill. This scenario couldn’t be proved because there was no antibody evidence of the flu being transmitted from pig to human.

Transmission of Swine Flu

Swine flu influenza can spread from person to person. This can result from touching surfaces that contain the virus or inhaling the virus. It is spread through the air from the infected person by coughing or sneezing. This flu is just as contagious as the normal household flu. Reports from the southern hemisphere report that it is causing more infections than the regular flu.

SYMPTOMS / PREVENTION AND VACCINATIONS

Some of the symptoms for H1N1 flu virus are fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headaches, chills and fatigue. Some of the people that have may start to vomit and have diarrhea. These are some of the symptoms of swine flu. They may face severe illnesses and maybe even death. Fever can be one of the symptoms for the flu. Signs of fever include chills, a flushed appearance, feeling very warm, or sweating. If you have the flu you should cover your mouth and your nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Then throw the tissue in the trash after you use it. Wash your hands often with soap and water. If you don’t have soap and water use alcohol-based hand rub. Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth so germs don’t spread from hand to hand. Try to avoid close contact with sick people. If you are sick with the flu like illness you should stay at home for at least twenty-four hours.

JIMMY COMPLICATIONS OF SWINE FLU & VACCINATIONS JAMAL SWINE FLU- DANGEROUS OR NOT SWINE FLU VACCINATION CONCERNS

Mercury is in many vaccines, and some vaccinations may cause mercury poisoning. It is a factor for children, pregnant women, and the elderly. They are the ones that are encouraged to take the shot and they are most at risk. The swine flu vaccination contains a high level of mercury. Squalene is another additive that is used in the vaccine, and this may cause the Gulf War Syndrome. A third of the health care professionals are refusing to take the vaccination according to the polls in the US and England. One third is unsure, and that only leaves one third of health care professionals supporting the vaccine. Obama has stated that it will be voluntary, but companies and hospitals are acting otherwise. Ireland and Greece have said that they will fine and imprison the people who refuse to get the vaccination. The swine flu vaccine may have caused one million heart attacks, 700,000 strokes, and 900,000 miscarriages. These are some of the concerns for the vaccination of the swine flu.

POVERTY IN THE USA

JESSICA DEFINITION OF POVERTY TORI DEMOGRAPHIC POVERTY & FACTS ERICA EFFECTS OF HUNGER & POVERTY MIKAYLA GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS OF POVERTY INT THE USA BETHANY POVERTY IN PENNSYLVANIA ERICA WHAT'S BEING DONE TO END POVERTY

GLOBAL WARNING

NICK BASIC INFORMATION ADAM PAST CLIMATE CHANGES DAKOTA HEALTH & ENVIRONMNETAL EFFECTS SETH GLOBAL WARMING IN THE USA ADAM SOLUTIONS TO GLOBAL WARNING

CANCER

DEFINITION/SYMPTOMS/TREATMENT By: Lauren Heidel Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells which tend to proliferate in an uncontrolled way and in some cases spread. Cancer is a bundle very serious diseases that come in different places and body parts that sometimes cannot be treated. Some symptoms of cancer aren’t noticed. It depends on where the cancer is inside your body as to what symptoms you could have. The larger the cancer, the more noticeable the symptoms are. Some types of cancer seem like the flu with symptoms like extreme tiredness, fatigue, pain, skin changes or even weight loss. Some lung cancers can raise blood calcium levels with could cause weakness and dizziness. Treatments for cancer work better when they are found earlier. That way they are smaller and easier to remove with surgery. Ignoring the symptoms isn’t a smart thing to do whether you are scared or not. The longer you wait the more chance it can’t be treated as easily. No symptoms should be ignored no matter how minor they seem. If cancer-like symptoms last over a long period of time the more likely its cancer. Most likely, the symptoms you have aren’t linked to cancer, but it’s smart to get checked just in case so your doctor can see if there is anything wrong with you that may cause the symptoms. Long-term constipation, diarrhea, or change in poop size may be signs of colon cancer. If you have pain when you pee or blood in your pee it could be related to bladder or prostate cancer. If you have sores that do not heal in your mouth it could be an oral cancer. It’s usually caused by smoking, chewing tobacco, or even drinking alcohol often. Lumps in your breast or bleeding from the nipple may be a sign of breast cancer and should be reported. There are quite a few ways people try to treat or help cancer victims. Biologic therapy works by helping the immune system to function better by using substances that occur naturally in your body to fight cancer. Bone Marrow Transplants are sometimes given. Bone marrow is found inside femurs, hips, and ribs. In most cases the donor is a sibling or other relative with the same blood type. Chemotherapy is probably one of the most famous treatments for cancer. It tries to destroy the cancer cells and lower the number of cancer cells left in the cancer itself. It usually works over a period of time. Chemotherapy isn’t just one session. It’s a lot of sessions and the patient has to return for more. Chemo can be given in quite a few ways. Some include orally by pill, through an IV in a vein, an injection, directly into the body through the bladder or abdominal cavity. Doctors often combine these ways so they complement each other and work together. If the chemo works, the tumor should decrease in cell count and size. Any type of cancer is very serious and should be treated immediately.

CAUSES / COMMON TYPES IN THE USA ~WHAT CAUSES CANCER~

Apoptosis cells divide and grow. this is known as the cells of death. they are prgrammed to kill and break down other materials; Mass growths. COMMON TYPES* skin cancer: the most common type of cancer is skin cancer (nonmelanoma). More than 1,000,000 cases in United States only. Kidney cancer: two major categories- renal pelvis cancers and renal parenchyma cancers.third most common type of cancer. Leukemia: types of cancers- chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid (myelogenous) leukemia, acute lymphoid (lymphoblastic) leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia and various other types of leukemia. chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most common type of leukemia cancer. most common cancer of children. Osteosarcoma: most common cancer of teens. bone cancer. Boys are more likely to have Osteosarcoma than girls. Chemotherapy is the most commonly used treatment. Ewing’s Sarcoma is another type of the bone cancer. Ewing’s Sarcoma is also very common in teens and in young adults. CAUSES* Chemicals/Environment: -Asbestos Exposure -Formaldehyde -Hair Dyes -more.. Food: -Acrylamide in Food -Artificial Sweeteners -Fluoridated Water -Heterocyclic Amines in Cooked Meats Genetics: -Passed down from family members. Radiation: -Cellular Telephone Use -Magnetic Field Exposure Tobacco: -smoking or smokeless tobacco OTHER RISK FACTORS: -Growing older -Sunlight -Some viruses and bacteria -Certain hormones -Poor diet, lack of physical activity, or being overweight -Alcohol

TESTS & DIAGNOSIS/PROGNOSIS

There are many different tests to find out if a patient has cancer. Many of the tests are different, depending on what kind of caner they have. There are different tests for different cancers. Here are a few. When a patient is getting tested for cancer they have to get a biopsy done. A biopsy is when the doctor removes a sample of tissue from where the tumor site may be. The tissue is then sent away to the lab and tested for cancer cells. For breast, cervix, colon, and rectum cancer the patient has to have x-rays and lab tests done. Physical tests may have to be done, the doctor looks for lumps, growths or anything unusual. The age of the patient effects the tests. Medical history, general health, family history, and lifestyle also effect the tests. The doctors look at the patient’s risk for specific types of cancers. One way to test for cancer is imaging. There are different types of imaging methods. Computed tomography uses a computer that is linked to an x-ray to show pictures. In radionuclide scanning the patient has to swallow or have injections of radioactive substances. Then a scanner measures radioactivity levels in certain organs. After the tests are over the radioactive substance is quickly eliminated. An ultrasonography when the doctor uses a sonogram to send high frequency sound waves and they bounce back and that shows if there is any growths. An MRI is when a powerful magnet linked to a computer to show detailed pictures of areas in the body. A patient shouldn’t rely on just one test. It takes more than just a blood test to show if the patient has cancer or not. Just blood tests rarely ever show if there is cancer present. Another way to look for cancer is looking for cancer cells, proteins, or any other substances made by cancer. AMAS is designed to pick up cancer in advance, but if the cancer is already pretty advanced it wont pick it up. Tumor marker tests is an immunological method. It also picks up early cancer. They are produced as cancer grows. Another way to test for cancer is biological terrain assessment, which measures the blood, urine, and saliva. It checks for electrons, pH, and minerals in the fluids. There have been around 555,500 annual deaths in the United States due to cancer. Cancer is the second top cause of death in America. In 2001, 194.4 people per 100,000 died from cancer. 64% of Caucasians, and 53% of African Americans survive five years after they are diagnosed with cancer. In 1992-99, 63% of all people survived for five years after being diagnosed. The prognosis is unpredictable. Cancer is deadly, but there are many survivors. There are many different tests for different types of cancers. Remember. Don’t rely on any one test

AMBER US STATISTICS AMBER PA. & HUNTINGDON COUNTY STATISTICS ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS

They dont have definIte cancer treatments. They have some herbal treatments that work to stop the causes or help you live a longer life. But they dont have definIte treatments yet. They said they are working on treatments, but right now nothing. Alternative treatments just aren't a big thing.